The term “Heuristic” refers to
Armstrong who was the exponent of this strategy. Pollion and Dankar (1945)
called it “problem solving”. It is based on the psychological principles of
“trial and error” theory. Logical and imaginative thinking are perquisites for
his type of teaching strategy. It is an economical and speedy strategy.
In Heuristic method {The word
`Heuristic` means to discover}, the student be put in the place of an
independent discoverer. Thus no help or guidance is provided by the teacher in
this method. In this method the teacher sets a problem for the students and
then stands aside while they discover the answer. In words of Professor
Armstrong, "Heuristic methods of teaching are methods which involve our
placing students as far as possible in the altitude of the discoverer - methods
which involve their finding out instead of being merely told about
things".
Procedure / Method: 1. Ation
of Problem Arriving for appropriate solutions for the problem
Execution - Perceiving and observing for
accurate results Recording of the results observed
Conclusion - Formulation of
hypothesis Identification / Arriving the accurate solution
Merits of Heuristic Method:
This method of teaching social science has the following merits:
1.
It develops the habit of enquiry and
investigation among students.
2.
It develops habit of self learning and self
direction.
3.
It
develops scientific attitudes among students by making them truthful and honest
for they learn how to arrive at decisions by actual experimentations.
4.
It is psychologically sound system of learning
as it is based on the maximum, "learning by doing" It develops in the student a habit of
diligence. In this method most of the
work is done in school and so the teacher has no worry to assign{ on check home task.
5.
It provides scope for individual attention to be
paid by the establishing cordial{
relations between the teacher and the taught.
6.
It
helps in achieving cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives i.e. it
helps in all round development of the child.
7.
Students
are put into the situation to learn by self-experience. It certainly develops
self-confidence and self-reliance in the learners.
8.
It
helps in developing scientific attitude and creativity in the learners.
9.
Teacher
encourages the learners to explore the environment in search of the solution of
the problems. By doing so, some new knowledge is discovered by them.
10.
Teacher
is always ready to provide individual guidance regarding the solution of the
problem. Thus interaction between the teacher and the learner takes place in a
cooperative, conducive environment.
Limitations of Heuristic Method :
Main limitations of this method
are as under:
1. It
is a long and time consuming method and so it becomes difficult to cover the
prescribed syllabus in time. It
pre-supposes a very small class and a gifted teacher and the method is too
technical and scientific to be handled by an average teacher.
2. The
method expects of the teacher a great efficiency and hard, experience and
training. There is a tendency on the
part of the teacher to emphasize those branches and parts of the subject which
lend brandies of the subject which do not involve measurement and quantitative
work and are therefore not so suitable.
3. It
is not suitable for beginners. In the early stages, the students need enough
guidance which if not given, may greatly disappoint them and it is possible
that the child may develop distaste for studies.
4. In this method too much stress is placed on
practical work which may lead a student to form a wrong idea of the nature of
History as a whole. They grow up in the belief that History is some thing to be done in the laboratory, forgetting
that laboratories were made for History and not History for laboratories.
5. The
gradation of problems is a difficult task which requires sufficient skill and
training. The succession of exercises is
rarely planned to fit into a general scheme for building up the subject
completely. Some times experiments are
performed merely for sake of doing them.
6.
It
cannot be used at primary level of education
7.
Higher
intelligence and divergent thinking is required in the learners. But, there are
some students who are below average and fail to succeed in discovering the
solutions of the problems. It frustrates them.
8.
In
true sense, none of the teachers have patience for providing individual
guidance to the learners. And learners, too, feel hesitation to approach the
teacher for seeking his help.
9.
Evaluation of learning through heuristic method
can be quite tedious. Presently enough
teachers are not available for implementing learning by heuristic method.
10.
This
method cannot be successfully applied in primary classes but this method can be
given a trial in secondary classes particularly in higher secondary classes.
11.
However,
in the absence of gifted teachers, well equipped laboratories and libraries and
other limitations this method has not been given a trial in our schools. Even
if these limitations are removed this method may not prove much useful under
the existing circumstances and prevailing rules and regulations.
Conclusion: There can be number of solutions for a problem. So, it
is the teacher’s duty to provide guidance to the learners to select the most
relevant solution of the problem
Problem should be related to the
course and curriculum and a definite time period should be allotted to the
learners to finish their research work.
Students’ abilities capabilities,
interest and choice of the subject should be taken into consideration in
allotting the problems.
In counties like India and
Pakistan, the whole teaching is examination centered, neither teacher nor the
pupils have patience to apply this teaching strategy and get the desired
results. If some enlightened teachers of science, mathematics, and social
sciences apply this teaching method in their teaching, it will help in
developing creative, confidence students.
Yes sir,Priti Ghosh,roll no-19,2nd sem.
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